
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ARITHMETIC - BY EDWARD L. THORNDIKE
PREFACE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION - THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SUBJECTS
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ARITHMETIC
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ARITHMETIC
CHAPTER I - THE NATURE OF ARITHMETICAL ABILITIES
KNOWLEDGE OF THE MEANINGS OF NUMBERS
THE SERIES IDEA OVEREMPHASIZED
THE RATIO IDEA OVEREMPHASIZED
THE RELATIONAL IDEA OVEREMPHASIZED
In this accessible guide the author brings contemporary psychological research to the classroom, showing how the mind builds and refines the habits that underlie basic number skills. By treating arithmetic as a series of connections between situations and responses, the text explains why satisfaction, repetition, and thoughtful practice shape learning as powerfully as they do physical actions.
The book details how abilities such as adding, reading numbers, and solving simple problems can be measured with clear tests, turning vague notions of “improvement” into concrete data. It then explores the structure of arithmetic habits—what bonds are beneficial, which are wasteful, and how drill, timing, and the order of topics affect long‑term understanding. Readers gain practical guidance on balancing early mastery with flexible, reason‑based learning.
Real‑world examples drawn from actual textbooks and exams illustrate common pitfalls and effective strategies, letting teachers see the ideas in action. Whether you supervise a school or teach a single class, the material offers a roadmap for designing lessons that foster lasting numerical confidence.
Language
en
Duration
~8 hours (469K characters)
Publisher of text edition
Project Gutenberg
Credits
Produced by Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
Release date
2012-03-29
Rights
Public domain in the USA.

1874–1949
A pioneer of educational psychology, he helped explain how learning happens through trial and error and careful measurement. His work on animal behavior, classroom learning, and testing shaped how generations of psychologists and teachers thought about practice and progress.
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