
*NEW AND REVISED EDITION*
PREFACE.
PART I. - STATE OF CULTURE IN GREECE.
CHAPTER I. - THE INTELLECTUAL AND POLITICAL STATE OF GREECE AT THE CLOSE OF THE FOURTH CENTURY.
CHAPTER II. - CHARACTER AND CHIEF FEATURES OF THE POST-ARISTOTELIAN PHILOSOPHY.
PART II. - THE STOICS.
CHAPTER III. - HISTORY OF THE STOICS UNTIL THE END OF THE SECOND CENTURY B.C.
CHAPTER IV. - AUTHORITIES FOR THE STOIC PHILOSOPHY: ITS PROBLEM AND DIVISIONS.
CHAPTER V. - LOGIC OF THE STOICS.
CHAPTER VI. - THE STUDY OF NATURE. FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS.
This volume offers a concise yet thorough introduction to the philosophical currents that followed Aristotle, focusing on the Stoics, Epicureans, and Skeptics. By situating these schools within the broader intellectual and political landscape of fourth‑century Greece, it highlights how their ideas reshaped discussions of nature, ethics, and the human soul. The author presents the strengths and shortcomings of Plato and Aristotle, then shows how the later thinkers sought fresh answers to lingering puzzles about reality, knowledge, and the good life.
Readers will discover why early Christianity found a fertile conceptual ground in this “post‑Aristotelian” world, as the new doctrines blended scientific inquiry with moral reflection. Clear translations and careful revisions make the original arguments accessible, inviting students of philosophy, theology, and history to explore the enduring legacy of these ancient minds.
Language
en
Duration
~9 hours (554K characters)
Release date
Jan 25, 2026
Rights
Public domain in the USA.

1814–1908
A leading 19th-century German scholar of ancient thought, he helped shape how generations of readers understood Greek philosophy. His most famous work traces Greek philosophy from its earliest beginnings with unusual depth and clarity.
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