Occupations of the Negroes

In this concise, data‑driven study the author examines how African‑American men and women were participating in the nation’s labor market at the turn of the century. Using the 1890 census as a foundation, the paper contrasts the employment rates of Black workers with those of native whites, foreign‑born residents, and the overall population, revealing that a surprisingly high share of Black adults were engaged in “gainful” occupations. The analysis also breaks down the figures by sex, showing distinct patterns for male and female labor participation.

Beyond the raw numbers, the work situates its findings within the broader mission of the John F. Slayer Fund, which sought to improve schooling and economic opportunities for the colored race. It reflects a period when policymakers and reformers were beginning to recognize the value of systematic education and targeted assistance. Listeners will gain a clear snapshot of late‑19th‑century occupational trends and the early optimism surrounding African‑American progress.