Independence: Rectorial address delivered at St. Andrews October 10, 1923

In this lively rectorial speech, a seasoned academic steps onto the historic steps of St. Andrews to reflect on the timeless quest for independence. He opens with a wry observation about youth and maturity, then quickly turns to the prickly idea that true freedom means relying on as few external ties as possible. Listeners are invited into a blend of wit, literary references, and modest provocation that sets a thoughtful yet entertaining tone.

The address weaves together anecdotes from evolutionary history, early human survival, and the first ever lie, using them to illustrate how independence shapes both personal identity and society. By drawing on poetry, wartime experience, and everyday frugality, the speaker sketches a portrait of a world where self‑ownership is both a privilege and a responsibility. The early portion of the talk leaves listeners contemplating how our ancestors’ climb from treetop solitude to communal life still echoes in modern debates about autonomy and duty.