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- David Nunes Carvalho
- Forty Centuries of Ink Or, A chronological narrative concerning ink and its backgrounds, introducing incidental observations and deductions, parallels of time and color phenomena, bibliography, chemistry, poetical effusions, citations, anecdotes and curiosa together with some evidence respecting the evanescent character of most inks of to-day and an epitome of chemico-legal ink.
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Forty Centuries of Ink Or, A chronological narrative concerning ink and its backgrounds, introducing incidental observations and deductions, parallels of time and color phenomena, bibliography, chemistry, poetical effusions, citations, anecdotes and curiosa together with some evidence respecting the evanescent character of most inks of to-day and an epitome of chemico-legal ink.
Chapters
6 totalFORTY CENTURIES OF INK - OR - A CHRONOLOGICAL NARRATIVE CONCERNING INK AND ITS BACKGROUNDS - INTRODUCING INCIDENTAL OBSERVATIONS AND DEDUCTIONS, PARALLELS OF TIME AND COLOR PHENOMENA, BIBLIOGRAPHY, CHEMISTRY, POETICAL EFFUSIONS, CITATIONS, ANECDOTES AND CURIOSA TOGETHER WITH SOME EVIDENCE RESPECTING THE EVANESCENT CHARACTER OF MOST INKS OF TO-DAY AND AN EPITOME OF CHEMICO-LEGAL INK. - BY DAVID N. CARVALHO - PREFACE.
FORTY CENTURIES OF INK - CHAPTER I. - GENESIS OF INK.
CHAPTER XII. - STUDY OF INK. - LACK OF INTEREST AS TO THE COMPOSITION OF INK DURING PART OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY—THE CONDITIONS WHICH THEN PREVAILED NEARLY THE SAME AS THE PRESENT TIME—CHEMISTRY OF INK NOT UNDERSTOOD— THIS LACK OF INFORMATION NOT CONFINED TO ANY PARTICULAR COUNTRY—LEWIS, IN 1765, BEGINS A SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION ON THE SUBJECT OF INKS —THE RESULTS AND HIS CONCLUSIONS PUBLISHED IN 1797—THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND IN 1787 RECEIVES COMPLAINTS ABOUT THE INFERIORITY OF INKS —ITS SECRETARY READS A PAPER THE SAME YEAR—THE PAPER CITED IN FULL—DR. BOSTOCK IN 1830 COMMUNICATES TO THE SOCIETY OF ARTS WHAT HE ESTIMATES TO BE THE CAUSES OF IMPERFECTIONS IN INK— ACTION OF THE FRENCH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES— COMPLICATIONS SURROUNDING THE MANUFACTURE OF INK ONLY THIRTY-FIVE YEARS AGO.
CHAPTER XIV. - CLASSIFICATIONS OF INK. - INK USED BY US HAS NOTHING IN COMMON WITH THAT OF THE ANCIENTS—MANUFACTURERS OF THE PRESENT TIME HAVE LARGELY UTILIZED FORMULAS EMPLOYED IN PAST CENTURIES—THE COMMON ACCEPTATION OF THE TERM INK—SEVEN DIFFERENT CLASSES OF INKS AND THEIR COMPOSITION BRIEFLY TOLD—FAILURE OF EFFORTS TO SECURE A REAL SAFETY INK.
CHAPTER XXII. - INK INDUSTRY.
CHAPTER XXIII. - CHEMICO-LEGAL INK.
Description
Delving into the often‑overlooked substance that carries our words, this work uncovers the hidden history of ink from antiquity to the modern era. It begins by exposing how today’s mass‑produced inks and papers threaten the longevity of public records, prompting a call for legislative action that has already taken root in a few states and overseas. The author frames ink not merely as a medium, but as a material whose chemistry, manufacture, and legal status have shaped the very survival of written culture.
Through meticulous research the narrative weaves together scientific explanations, vivid anecdotes, and poetical musings, showing how coal‑tar pigments and later aniline dyes altered both hue and durability. Case studies of forgery and courtroom battles illustrate the practical stakes of ink analysis, while early laboratory techniques reveal how scholars can discern an original formula from a counterfeit.
The book offers a richly illustrated chronology that balances technical detail with accessible storytelling, inviting listeners to appreciate the delicate interplay of color, time, and law that underpins every written page.
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Full title
Forty Centuries of Ink Or, A chronological narrative concerning ink and its backgrounds, introducing incidental observations and deductions, parallels of time and color phenomena, bibliography, chemistry, poetical effusions, citations, anecdotes and curiosa together with some evidence respecting the evanescent character of most inks of to-day and an epitome of chemico-legal ink. Or, A chronological narrative concerning ink and its backgrounds, introducing incidental observations and deductions, parallels of time and color phenomena, bibliography, chemistry, poetical effusions, citations, anecdotes and curiosa together with some evidence respecting the evanescent character of most inks of to-day and an epitome of chemico-legal ink.
Language
en
Duration
~10 hours (578K characters)
Publisher of text edition
Project Gutenberg
Release date
1998-10-01
Rights
Public domain in the USA.
About the author
David Nunes Carvalho
1848–1925
A pioneer of ink analysis and handwriting examination, this remarkable investigator turned chemistry, photography, and close observation into tools for solving disputed documents. His writing opens a window onto the long history of ink and the early science behind forensic evidence.
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