author
Richard Michaelis
1839–1909
A German-American journalist, editor, and novelist, he is best remembered for a sharp late-19th-century reply to Edward Bellamy's famous utopian novel. His work offers a lively glimpse into the political arguments and immigrant literary culture of his time.
3 Audiobooks
Looking Further Forward An Answer to Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy
by Richard Michaelis
Kommunistinen yhteiskunta vuonna 2000 Jatkoa ja vastaus Edward Bellamyn romaaniin "Vuonna 2000"
by Richard Michaelis
Ein Blick in die Zukunft Eine Antwort auf: Ein Rückblick von Edward Bellamy
by Richard Michaelis
About the author
Born in Genthin, Prussia, on September 1, 1839, Richard C. Michaelis became a German-American journalist, editor, publisher, and writer. Reference sources describe him as active in Chicago, where he later died on April 13, 1909.
Michaelis is best known today for Looking Further Forward (1890), written as an answer to Edward Bellamy's hugely influential Looking Backward. The novel pushes back against Bellamy's collectivist future and shows Michaelis using fiction to argue about politics, society, and the direction of modern life.
He also wrote other fiction, including work connected to German-American experience, and his career reflects the strong role immigrant editors and publishers played in 19th-century literary culture. For listeners interested in forgotten speculative fiction, Michaelis stands out as a writer who turned public debate into storytelling.