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International Joint Commission
Created by the United States and Canada to help manage shared waters, this long-running binational body has played a major role in preventing disputes and protecting lakes and rivers along the border. Its story sits at the crossroads of diplomacy, environmental stewardship, and practical problem-solving.
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Founded under the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty, the International Joint Commission is an independent organization created by the governments of the United States and Canada to help prevent and resolve disputes involving boundary and transboundary waters. Its mission includes reviewing projects that could affect shared waters and advising both countries on issues of common concern.
Over time, its role expanded beyond water allocation and engineering questions to broader environmental challenges. The commission is especially well known for its work on Great Lakes water quality, including responsibilities connected to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
Because it has operated for well over a century, the commission is often described as one of the oldest and most durable institutions in the Canada–U.S. relationship. Its history reflects a practical idea that has proved remarkably lasting: neighboring countries can manage shared natural resources best through cooperation, science, and joint oversight.