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1826–1907
A printer, journalist, Union officer, and politician, he moved through some of the most heated struggles of 19th-century America. He is best remembered for the dramatic Senate vote that helped decide President Andrew Johnson’s impeachment trial and for later serving as governor of New Mexico Territory.
Before entering national politics, he learned the printing trade as a boy and built a career in newspapers. He became active in the free-state movement in Kansas before the Civil War, edited antislavery papers, and later served in the Union Army.
He represented Kansas in the U.S. Senate from 1866 to 1871. His most famous moment came in 1868, when he voted against convicting President Andrew Johnson in the impeachment trial, a decision that drew fierce criticism at the time and made him a lasting figure in American political history.
After his Senate years, he moved to New Mexico and eventually served as governor of the New Mexico Territory. His life stretched across journalism, war, and public service, giving his story the feel of a front-row seat to the making of the post-Civil War United States.