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1826–1907
Best remembered for casting the pivotal vote that spared President Andrew Johnson from conviction, this printer-turned-politician led a life shaped by journalism, antislavery activism, war service, and public office on the American frontier. His career stretched from Bleeding Kansas to the governorship of New Mexico Territory.
Apprenticed to the printer’s trade as a boy in Ohio, he worked in newspapers in the Midwest before moving to Kansas in the years of fierce conflict over slavery. There he became part of the free-state cause, helped publish antislavery papers, and later served in the Union Army during the Civil War, rising to the rank of major.
He entered national politics as a U.S. senator from Kansas and became famous in 1868 for voting against convicting President Andrew Johnson in the impeachment trial. The vote was deeply unpopular with many in his party and effectively ended his Senate career, but it made him a lasting figure in American political history.
Later, he moved to New Mexico, returned to journalism, and eventually served as governor of the New Mexico Territory from 1885 to 1889. He died in Albuquerque in 1907, remembered as a newspaperman, soldier, senator, and one of the most debated political figures of his era.