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A Scottish philosopher who spent much of his career at the University of Glasgow, he is best known for defending free will and exploring questions of selfhood, morality, and religion. His writing brings big metaphysical ideas into direct conversation with human choice and responsibility.

by C. A. Campbell
Born in Glasgow on January 3, 1897, he studied at the Glasgow Academy, the University of Glasgow, and Balliol College, Oxford. His studies were interrupted by military service in World War I, after which he returned to academic life and went on to build a career in philosophy.
He taught philosophy at the University of Glasgow and became Professor of Logic and Rhetoric there in 1938, a post he held until 1962. He is especially associated with the defense of free will, including the ideas later collected in In Defence of Free Will, and he also wrote On Selfhood and Godhood, reflecting his interest in ethics, personal agency, and religious thought.
Remembered as a metaphysical philosopher, his work pushed back against reductive accounts of human action and argued seriously for moral freedom. He died on December 12, 1974.