A. de (Armand de) Quatrefages

Born in 1810, Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau was a French scientist whose career crossed several fields, including zoology, anthropology, and ethnology. He first trained in medicine, but he became better known for his research and teaching in natural history.

Quatrefages studied a wide range of subjects, from marine invertebrates to the history and classification of human populations. He was active in French scientific life during the 19th century and is remembered as one of the scholars who helped shape anthropology as an academic field in France.

He died in 1892. Today, he is chiefly of interest as a prolific scientific writer and lecturer whose work reflects both the curiosity and the limits of 19th-century science.