Psycho-Analysis and the War Neuroses

Karl Abraham

1877–1925

A key figure in the early psychoanalytic movement, this German doctor helped shape ideas about infant development, character formation, and depression. A close collaborator of Sigmund Freud, he also played a major role in building psychoanalysis in Berlin and beyond.

Sigmund Freud

1856–1939

Best known as the founder of psychoanalysis, he changed the way people think about dreams, memory, desire, and the hidden workings of the mind. His ideas remain influential, controversial, and endlessly discussed more than a century later.

Ernest Jones

1879–1958

A pioneering psychoanalyst who helped bring Freud’s ideas to the English-speaking world, this Welsh doctor became one of the key builders of modern psychoanalysis. He is also remembered for the influential three-volume biography that helped shape how later generations understood Sigmund Freud.

Ernst Simmel

1882–1947

A pioneering psychoanalyst who helped bring Freudian ideas into hospitals and trauma care, he is especially remembered for his work with war neuroses and psychosomatic illness. His life carried him from Germany to the United States, where he continued writing and practicing after fleeing Nazi persecution.