Fundamental Philosophy, Vol. 1 (of 2)

This work offers a thorough, nineteenth‑century survey of the foundations of human knowledge. Beginning with an inquiry into certainty, it examines how ideas of identity, contradiction, and evidence shape our intellectual order before turning to the nature of sensation and the role of the senses in grounding experience. The author engages the great thinkers of Descartes, Leibniz, Kant and others, questioning whether perception can yield a truly transcendental science.

The second part moves from sensibility to the concepts of extension and space, probing whether geometry reflects reality and how bodies relate to the surrounding world. Readers will encounter careful analyses of touch, sight, and even speculative new senses, all presented in a measured, scholarly tone. The translation preserves the original’s precision, making the dense arguments approachable for anyone curious about the early attempts to reconcile philosophy with emerging scientific ideas.