United States. Congress. Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War

The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War was a United States congressional committee formed in December 1861 during the Civil War. It was established after early Union setbacks and spent the war years examining military operations, leadership decisions, contracts, and other matters connected to the conflict.

The committee is often remembered for its secret hearings and its strong political influence. It questioned generals, gathered testimony, and issued reports that reflected the views of powerful members of Congress, especially Radical Republicans who pushed for a harder war against the Confederacy and a more aggressive use of federal power.

For readers today, its publications offer more than official oversight: they capture the tension between civilian government and military command in a national crisis. The committee's reports remain valuable primary sources for anyone interested in Civil War politics, wartime decision-making, and how Congress tried to hold leaders accountable.