
author
1783–1842
A sharp observer of ambition, love, and self-deception, Stendhal brought unusual psychological depth to the nineteenth-century novel. His best-known works, The Red and the Black and The Charterhouse of Parma, remain celebrated for their restless energy and insight into human behavior.

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Born Marie-Henri Beyle in Grenoble on January 23, 1783, Stendhal was a French novelist, essayist, art historian, and diplomat who wrote under several pen names. His fiction is associated with both Romanticism and literary realism, blending vivid social observation with an intense interest in private feeling and ambition.
Stendhal published The Red and the Black in 1830 and The Charterhouse of Parma in 1839. He also wrote about art, music, travel, love, and Napoleon, drawing heavily on his experiences in Italy and across Europe.
After the political changes of 1830, he served as French consul in Civitavecchia, Italy. He died in Paris on March 23, 1842, leaving behind a body of work that later influenced modern psychological fiction.