S. de Magalhães (Sebastião de Magalhães) Lima

Born in Rio de Janeiro on May 30, 1850, to Portuguese parents, he moved to Portugal as a child and was educated in Lisbon, Porto, and later at the University of Coimbra, where he studied law. While still a student, he began writing and publishing, first in a more romantic style and then with a growing commitment to republican politics.

He went on to build a wide-ranging career as a lawyer, journalist, politician, and author. He was one of the founders of O Século, an important Portuguese newspaper, and became known for writing and public action that strongly supported republican, anticlerical, and reformist ideas. He is also associated with the Generation of 70, the influential circle of Portuguese intellectuals who helped reshape public debate in the late 19th century.

For many years, he was a leading figure in Portuguese Freemasonry, serving as grand master during a tense and transformative period. He died in Lisbon on December 8, 1928, leaving behind a life closely tied to the press, political change, and the intellectual history of modern Portugal.