
author
1755–1835
A towering figure in early American history, this Revolutionary War veteran became the Supreme Court’s longest-serving chief justice and helped define how the U.S. Constitution would work in practice. His decisions gave the Court lasting authority and shaped the balance of power in the young republic.
Born in Virginia in 1755, John Marshall served in the Continental Army during the American Revolution, including the hard winter at Valley Forge. After the war he studied law, built a successful practice in Richmond, and entered public life as a legislator, diplomat, congressman, and secretary of state.
In 1801, he became the fourth chief justice of the United States, a post he held until his death in 1835. Over more than three decades on the Court, he helped establish the Supreme Court as a powerful and independent branch of government. He is especially remembered for major opinions such as Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland, which strengthened judicial review and federal authority.
Marshall also wrote a multivolume biography of George Washington, showing the same interest in nation-building that marked his public career. For many readers, he stands out not only as a judge but as one of the key architects of American constitutional law.