
author
1804–1870
A powerful Scottish preacher and theologian, he became one of the leading voices of the Free Church of Scotland and was especially known for clear, earnest teaching. His books on the Holy Spirit, saving faith, and justification kept his influence alive long after his ministry ended.
Born in Paisley in 1804, he studied at the University of Glasgow and entered the ministry of the Church of Scotland. After serving in Roslin, he moved to North Leith, where he gained a strong reputation as a preacher.
In 1843 he joined the Disruption and became part of the Free Church of Scotland. He later taught at New College in Edinburgh, first in apologetics and then in systematic theology, succeeding Thomas Chalmers in that chair.
He is remembered both for preaching and for theological writing. Among his best-known works are The Office and Work of the Holy Spirit and The Doctrine of Justification, books that helped secure his place as a respected nineteenth-century Reformed author. He died in 1870.