
author
1724–1804
A quiet professor from Königsberg became one of the defining thinkers of the Enlightenment, reshaping how people understand knowledge, morality, and human freedom. His major works still sit at the center of philosophy, from reason and duty to beauty and judgment.

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Michel de Montaigne, Immanuel Kant, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Giuseppe Mazzini, Ernest Renan, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Friedrich Schiller

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant

by Immanuel Kant
Born in Königsberg in 1724, Immanuel Kant spent almost his entire life in the same city, first as a student and later as a professor at the University of Königsberg. Even with that outwardly steady life, his ideas traveled far: he became one of the most influential philosophers in modern history.
Kant is best known for works including Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason, and Critique of Judgment. In them, he asked what human beings can know, how they ought to act, and how they experience beauty and purpose. His moral philosophy, especially the idea that people should act according to principles they could will for everyone, became one of the best-known accounts of duty in Western thought.
He died in 1804, but his writing continued to shape philosophy, politics, religion, and aesthetics long after his lifetime. Readers often find him demanding, yet his questions are enduringly human: What can I know? What should I do? What may I hope?