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György Lukács
1885–1971
A major Marxist thinker and literary critic, this Hungarian writer helped shape twentieth-century debates about realism, class consciousness, and the novel. His work still draws readers who want philosophy tied closely to history, politics, and culture.
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About the author
Born in Budapest in 1885, György Lukács became one of the most influential Marxist philosophers and critics of the twentieth century. He studied in Budapest, Berlin, and Heidelberg, and his early writing moved through aesthetics and literary theory before turning more fully toward Marxism after World War I.
He took part in the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919 and spent years in exile after its collapse. Over time he became known for major works such as History and Class Consciousness and The Theory of the Novel, as well as later studies of realism and the European novel. His criticism often asked how literature reveals the structure of society and the lives of ordinary people.
Lukács died in Budapest in 1971. Even where readers disagree with him, he remains a central figure for anyone interested in Marxist thought, modern European philosophy, and the relationship between politics and art.