
author
1882–1964
A pioneering historian of nationalism, he helped shape how modern readers understand the power of national identity in Europe. He also stepped out of academia to serve as the United States ambassador to Spain during World War II.

by Carlton J. H. (Carlton Joseph Huntley) Hayes
Born in Afton, New York, in 1882, Carlton J. H. Hayes became one of the leading American historians of modern Europe. He taught at Columbia University for decades, where his work focused especially on European political, cultural, and social history.
Hayes is best remembered for his early and influential writing on nationalism. Sources consistently describe him as a pioneer in that field, and his books helped bring the study of nationalism into the historical mainstream.
His career also reached beyond the classroom. During World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him U.S. ambassador to Spain, a role he held from 1942 to 1945. He died in 1964.