C. G. (Carl Gustav) Jung

Born in Switzerland in 1875, Carl Gustav Jung trained as a psychiatrist and became one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century. Early in his career he worked at the Burghölzli clinic in Zurich, where his research on word association and the mind helped build his reputation.

Jung is best known for founding analytical psychology. He wrote about ideas that remain widely discussed today, including the collective unconscious, archetypes, introversion and extraversion, dreams, and the process he called individuation—the lifelong effort to become more fully oneself.

His work grew partly through collaboration and then a famous break with Sigmund Freud, after which Jung developed his own path. Across books, lectures, and clinical work, he drew connections between psychology, myth, religion, and art, leaving a body of work that continues to attract readers far beyond the field of psychiatry.