Adolf Hepner

Born on November 24, 1846, in Schmiegel, Posen (now Śmigiel, Poland), he studied in Lissa, attended a rabbinical seminary in Breslau, and later studied at the universities of Breslau and Berlin. In the late 1860s he became active in socialist circles and worked in Leipzig alongside leading figures such as Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel.

In 1872, he was tried for high treason in Leipzig because of his socialist journalism, but he was acquitted. He later continued his political and publishing work, and after years of pressure in Germany he emigrated to the United States, settling in St. Louis, where he edited German-language newspapers including the St. Louis Tageblatt and the Westliche Post.

He returned to Germany in 1908 and kept writing for periodicals such as Die Neue Zeit and Süddeutsche Monatshefte. His published work included political essays, among them America's Aid to Germany in 1870-1871, as well as other writing for the stage and press. No suitable verified portrait image could be confirmed from the sources checked.